Rashbam was a French commentator to the Bible and the Talmud (died c.), called Rashbam after the initial letters of his name, Rabbi Shemuel ben Meir. Rashbam’s father, Rabbi Meir, married Yochebed, daughter of Rashi.
Rashbam studied with his grandfather in Troyes, France. Rashbam’s commentary to the Torah has become one of the standard commentaries, taking its place beside those of Rashi and Nahmanides.
Rashbam observes that Rashi had told him that if he could have had his time over again he would have put more emphasis on the plain meaning (peshat) of the text. Rashbam’s aim is to explain the text in its plain meaning, though not without reference to the Rabbinic Midrash.
Two Levels of Meaning
Rashbam, on occasion, gives the plain meaning of a verse even when it contradicts the Halakhah, the law which the Rabbis consider to be derived from the verse by their hermeneutics.
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Professor Marty Lockshin ’s primary area of scholarly expertise and writing is the history of Jewish biblical interpretation, particularly the interplay between tradition and innovation. Most of his research has been centred on those medieval biblical commentators who valued tradition intellectually, who lived traditional lives and who still innovated unabashedly in their understanding of the Bible. The largest part of his scholarship has been about Samuel ben Meir (12th century Northern France), a traditionalist Bible commentator with an uncanny knack for offering new understandings of biblical texts—his conclusions are often strikingly similar to the “discoveries” of biblical critics seven or eight hundred years later. Marty has published a 4-volume English annotated translation of Rashbam’s major work and also a 2-volume annotated Hebrew edition. His interest in biblical interpretation has led him to study Jewish-Christian relations, since Jews and Christians over the ages had both competitive and (at times) cooperative approaches to the study of their sacred Scripture.
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Marty has served in the past as Chair of the Division of Humanities and as Director of the Centre
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Samuel ben Meir (Rashbam)
Samuel ben Meir (known as the Rashbam) was the son of Meir ben Samuel and the grandson of Rashi. He was born in in Ramerupt and died in He studied with both of them. Apparently, there were some occasions when Rashi accepted Rashbam's opinions and amended his commentary accordingly.
Rashbam raised sheep and wine grapes. He was one of the teachers of his brother, Rabbenu Tam.
Although he wrote a commentary to the entire Bible, only his Torah commentary is extant. He was a text literalist and objected to his grandfather's use of midrash and exegesis. He viewed his commentary as complementary to Rashi's.
Rashbam wrote numerous piyyutim, and he was also one of the first Tosafist. In two places (where his grandfather did not have commentary), Rashbam's explanations are printed where Rashi normally appears. Unlike his grandfather, his explanations tended to be long. His additional discussions (tosafot) to the Talmud were influenced by Alfasi's code.
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